A major 2025 study published in Nature expanded our knowledge of the human gut microbiome by sampling across Africa. The project produced genomes of 1,005 bacterial and more than 40,000 viral species previously unknown to science.
Why it matters: until now, most microbiome studies focused on Western populations. This broader sampling helps researchers see a more complete, global picture — which may lead to more effective, globally relevant treatments and diets.
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